The war in Ukraine serves as the primary case study for this disruption. Contrary to early projections of a swift conventional victory, the conflict has highlighted how inexpensive aerial systems can neutralize sophisticated assets, including naval vessels and armored columns. Russia’s vast geography, once considered a strategic buffer, now presents an expansive surface area that is increasingly difficult to defend against decentralized, low-cost threats.
Similar pressures are emerging in the Middle East. Egan-Jones points to Iran's capacity to threaten shipping lanes through the Strait of Hormuz, maintaining a credible deterrent against the combined military pressure of Israel and the United States. These shifts render historical military strategies less predictable, effectively elevating the importance of asymmetric capabilities in regional power balances.

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